Monday, February 28, 2011
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Intermolecular Forces
London Dispersion:
The London dispersion force is the weakest intermolecular force. The London dispersion force is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles. This force is sometimes called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction. London forces are the attractive forces that cause nonpolar substances to condense to liquids and to freeze into solids when the temperature is lowered sufficiently.
Dipole-Dipole:
Many molecules contain bonds that fall between the extremes of ionic and covalent bonds. The difference between the electronegativities of the atoms in these molecules is large enough that the electrons aren't shared equally, and yet small enough that the electrons aren't drawn exclusively to one of the atoms to form positive and negative ions. The bonds in these molecules are said to be polar, because they have positive and negative ends, or poles, and the molecules are often said to have a dipole moment.
Hydrogen Bond:
A hydrogen bond is the attractive interaction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as N, O, or Fl.The hydrogen bond is often described as a strong electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction.
What intermolecular forces are displayed in C3H8O?
London Dispersion
The London dispersion force is the weakest intermolecular force. The London dispersion force is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles. This force is sometimes called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction. London forces are the attractive forces that cause nonpolar substances to condense to liquids and to freeze into solids when the temperature is lowered sufficiently.
Dipole-Dipole:
Many molecules contain bonds that fall between the extremes of ionic and covalent bonds. The difference between the electronegativities of the atoms in these molecules is large enough that the electrons aren't shared equally, and yet small enough that the electrons aren't drawn exclusively to one of the atoms to form positive and negative ions. The bonds in these molecules are said to be polar, because they have positive and negative ends, or poles, and the molecules are often said to have a dipole moment.
Hydrogen Bond:
A hydrogen bond is the attractive interaction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as N, O, or Fl.The hydrogen bond is often described as a strong electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction.
What intermolecular forces are displayed in C3H8O?
London Dispersion
Nature of the Bonds/Polarity
There are 3 different bonds that happen in C3H8O:
H-O
2.1-3.4= |1.3|
This bond is a very ionic polar bond.
C-O
2.6-3.4= |.8|
This bond is a barely ionic polar bond.
H-C
2.1-2.6= |.5|
This bond is moderately covalent.
Isopropanol IS a non-polar molecule because there is an even distribution of electrons in the molecule. If you were to cut this molecule in half at q poinr, it would make be symmetrical and this proves the even distribution. There are no unshaired electron pairs in the molecule.
H-O
2.1-3.4= |1.3|
This bond is a very ionic polar bond.
C-O
2.6-3.4= |.8|
This bond is a barely ionic polar bond.
H-C
2.1-2.6= |.5|
This bond is moderately covalent.
Isopropanol IS a non-polar molecule because there is an even distribution of electrons in the molecule. If you were to cut this molecule in half at q poinr, it would make be symmetrical and this proves the even distribution. There are no unshaired electron pairs in the molecule.
About Isopropanol:
Chemical Formula: C3H8O
Isopropanol is the main component in rubbing alcohol! Isopropanol is a secondary alcohol that is synthesised commerically by the hydrolyzation of the sulfate ester formed by reaction of propylene gas a sulfuric acid. It is highly affordable and is often used instead of ethanol.
Physical properties: colorlessness,miscibility with water, boiling point-83.2 degrees Celsius
Poisonious!!!
If poisoned...
Isopropanol is the main component in rubbing alcohol! Isopropanol is a secondary alcohol that is synthesised commerically by the hydrolyzation of the sulfate ester formed by reaction of propylene gas a sulfuric acid. It is highly affordable and is often used instead of ethanol.
Physical properties: colorlessness,miscibility with water, boiling point-83.2 degrees Celsius
Poisonious!!!
If poisoned...
- abdominal pain
- low blood pressure
- dizziness
- coma
- slurred speach
- increase/decrease in urination
ISOPROPANOL - The Molecular Geometry: 3D
KEY:
Red- Oxygen
Black- Carbon
Grey- Hydrogen
The electronegativity values of the atoms in my molecule; Oxygen-3.4, Carbon-2.6, Hydrogen- 2.1 all impact the direction of the arrowns in the picture shown above. The electronegativity always goes from the atom atom with the lesser electronegativity to the one with more. The arrows demonstrate this, for example: the arrow perpendicular with the arrow pointing from the grey hydrogen(2.1) to the red carbon(2.6) because hydrogen's electronegativity is less than carbon's.
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